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Congress: ECR26
Poster Number: C-25450
Type: Poster: EPOS Radiologist (educational)
Authorblock: G. Orhan, B. Ulucan, A. Bozer, Y. Pekçevik; Izmir/TR
Disclosures:
Gülcan Orhan: Nothing to disclose
Boratay Ulucan: Nothing to disclose
Ahmet Bozer: Nothing to disclose
Yeliz Pekçevik: Nothing to disclose
Keywords: CNS, Neuroradiology brain, Neuroradiology spine, MR, Education, Structured reporting, Education and training
Learning objectives To familiarize radiologists with the updated 2024 McDonald criteria for MS diagnosis.  To introduce emerging MRI biomarkers that refine diagnostic accuracy, especially in early and atypical presentations.  
Read more Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system characterized by heterogeneous clinical presentations and variable disease course. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has long been central to MS diagnosis, primarily through the demonstration of dissemination in space (DIS) and dissemination in time (DIT).The 2024 revision of the McDonald criteria represents a major conceptual shift by integrating advanced imaging markers, biological biomarkers, and optic nerve assessment into a unified diagnostic framework, aiming to improve early diagnosis...
Read more Findings and procedure details The McDonald criteria, first introduced in 2001, transformed MS diagnosis by formally incorporating MRI into the diagnostic process. Subsequent revisions in 2005, 2010, and 2017 refined this approach, emphasizing MRI and adding CSF oligoclonal bands as supportive markers, enabling earlier and more reliable diagnosis. Traditionally, MS diagnosis required demonstrating dissemination in space (DIS) and dissemination in time (DIT), representing separate demyelinating events across different CNS regions and time points.However, this long-standing model is now being reconsidered. The 2024 revision introduces...
Read more Conclusion The 2024 McDonald criteria offer a comprehensive, biomarker-integrated framework combining traditional imaging features with novel biomarkers. Incorporating optic nerve involvement, CVS, PRLs, and kFLC enhances diagnostic precision, expedites diagnosis, and reduces misdiagnosis, especially in older patients and those with comorbidities.
Read more Personal information https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0245-7820
Read more References 1. Montalban X, Thompson AJ, Banwell BL, Barkhof F, Carroll WM, Coetzee T, et al.Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2024 revisions of the McDonald criteria.Lancet Neurol. 2025;24(10):850–865.doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(25)00270-42. Thompson AJ, Banwell BL, Barkhof F, Carroll WM, Coetzee T, Comi G, et al.Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2017 revisions of the McDonald criteria.Lancet Neurol. 2018;17(2):162–173.doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(17)30470-23. Polman CH, Reingold SC, Edan G, Filippi M, Hartung HP, Kappos L, et al.Diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: 2005 revisions to the McDonald criteria.Ann Neurol. 2005;58(6):840–846.doi:10.1002/ana.207034. ECTRIMS.2024 revisions of...
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