Lung cavitation is a relatively common finding in chest imaging and can occur in various diseases. They are defined as areas of low attenuation within consolidations, masses, or nodules that may or may not contain an air-fluid level. Their wall is usually thicker than 4 mm, by definition.

Identifying imaging features that can help guide the diagnosis is very important, as cavitation can occur in infectious, primary or secondary tumors, vascular, autoimmune, trauma-related, or even congenital causes.

The images in the following poster were obtained from the database of a quaternary hospital in Brazil, known as a national reference for highly complex cases, including rare events. Only computed tomography (CT) scans from 2010 to 2023 were used, illustrating cases with different causes of pulmonary cavitation.