Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is one of the most frequent surgeries performed in the world and is considered the procedure of choice for the treatment of symptomatic cholelithiasis, acute and chronic cholecystitis, gallbladder polyps, and acalculous cholecystitis. Currently, approximately 90% of all gallbladder removals are performed laparoscopically. 

To carry out the surgical procedure, four small incisions are made in the abdomen for trocar placement. Utilising a laparoscope that is introduced through the umbilical trocar, the gallbladder is retracted over the liver. This allows exposure of the hepatocystic triangle region (Calot's triangle). Careful dissection is performed to reach the critical safety view and properly isolate the cystic duct and cystic artery. Both structures are carefully clipped and transected. An electrocautery or harmonic scalpel is used to separate the gallbladder from the liver bed completely. The gallbladder is removed in a specimen bag. [fig1][fig2]

The advantages of the laparoscopic procedure include less postoperative pain, shorter hospital stays and work disabilities, and better aesthetic results than open cholecystectomy. However, laparoscopic cholecystectomy is known to have a higher rate of serious complications than open techniques.