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Congress: ECR25
Poster Number: C-23157
Type: Poster: EPOS Radiologist (educational)
Authorblock: A. M. I. Pop, A. Venter, M. Gherman; Oradea/RO
Disclosures:
Adriana Mariana Ileana Pop: Nothing to disclose
Alina Venter: Nothing to disclose
Mihai Gherman: Nothing to disclose
Keywords: Neuroradiology brain, MR, Education, Infection, Inflammation
Learning objectives This case series aims to highlight MRI findings in five pediatric patiens with viral encephalitis, specifically linked to infections with the measles virus and herpes simplex virus (HSV), emphasizing the imaging differences between the two etiologies.
Read more Background Viral encephalitis in the pediatric population is an acute and rare inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by a viral infection, leading to significant neurological dysfunction. MRI plays a crucial role in establishing differential diagnoses withch can be challenging due to the variability of imaging findings described in the literature and the influence of geographic factors. A specific pathogen can cause different MRI appearances, while a particular imaging pattern may be associated with multiple infections.We reviewed the clinical and imaging...
Read more Findings and procedure details MRI findings in HSV encephalitis cases predominantly showed involvement of the parietal and frontal lobes, with sparing of the basal ganglia. Lesions were often bilateral but asymmetric, demonstrating diffusion restriction and minimal enhancement after contrast administration (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, and Fig. 4). In contrast, measles encephalitis affected both cerebral hemispheres, with a particular affinity for the cortex, thalamus, and limbic system (Fig. 5 and Fig. 6).
Read more Conclusion HSV encephalitis is more common than measles virus encephalitis due to widespread MMR vaccination. A severe complication that occur years after a measles infection, as seen in one of our patients, is subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. This degenerative neurological condition leads to progressive destruction of nerve cells and is often fatal.Early identification of these imaging characteristics via brain MRI is crucial for guiding treatment and improving outcomes. However, in most cases, imaging findings are non-specific and may mimic other etiologies, therefore,...
Read more References 1. “Magnetic resonance imaging patterns of paediatric brain infections: a pictorial review based on the Western Australian experience”: Chi-Wei Robin Yang, Michael Mason, Paul M. Parizel & Richard Warne.2. "Magnetic resonance imaging findings in viral encephalitis: A pictorial essay." Journal of neurosciences in rural practice 9.4 (2018): Jayaraman, Kalaivani, and Anupama Chandrasekharan Rajeswaran Rangasami. 3."Viral encephalitis: a practical review on diagnostic approach and treatment":Bruna Klein da Costa, Douglas Kazutoshi Sato.4."Neuroimaging and neurological outcome of children with acute encephalitis": Heidi M. Poyhonen,...
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