Acute cerebellitis (AC) is a clinico-radiological syndrome which the keystone element is inflammation of the cerebellum. It can be acute or subacute and is consisted of both cerebellar dysfunction and radiological evidence of inflammatory swelling. It is a children’s disease and typically a benign, self-limited process. While the exact pathogenesis remains unclear, this entity is primarily associated with infectious, post-infectious and autoimmune mechanisms in children. While AC has been well-characterized in children, limited case reports and a lack of dedicated studies in adults have hindered a thorough understanding of its clinical features and outcomes in the adult population.

This retrospective study aims to explore the key differences between adult-onset cerebellitis and its childhood counterpart, including the underlying causes, clinical presentation, and prognosis.