This single-center retrospective study included all patients over 18 and admitted to our tertiary referral hospital between January 2010 and June 2024. Study patients had to meet the following inclusion criteria: presentation with symptoms compatible with acute/subacute cerebellar syndrome (e.g., ataxia, dysarthria, or nystagmus) or signs of inflammation on brain MRI. Patient demographics, clinical presentations, laboratory and imaging results, etiological diagnoses, treatment approaches, and outcomes were recorded.

The MRI studies were performed on 1.5T or 3S.0T scanners. All but one patient underwent post-contrast imaging at diagnosis, and eleven had follow-up MRIs. The following criteria for the MRI study were evaluated: bilateral/unilateral, vermis, white matter, cortex involvement; presence of increase in intracranial pressure and contrast medium enhancement.