Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is an autosomal recessive hemoglobinopathy that results in the production of sickle-shaped red blood cells. These cells are less soluble than normal ones, making them prone to hemolysis and vaso-occlusive events. The primary features include hemolytic anemia and ischemia, leading to acute and chronic pain. In advanced stages, it can result in tissue infarction. Additionally, hyposplenism and ischemic tissue injuries increase the risk and severity of bacterial infections.