Anthropomorphic breast phantoms are potential tools for evaluation of X-ray image quality in digital mammography, digital breast tomosynthesis, and breast-dedicated computed tomography. Currently, phantoms commercially available often oversimplify breast anatomy, lacking realistic glandular distribution and anatomical noise, which are crucial for assessing lesion detection in near-clinical conditions. 3D printing enables the fabrication of customized and high-fidelity breast phantoms; specifically, fused deposition modeling (FDM) stands out for its affordability, though challenges remain in resolution and reproducibility. The aim of our work is to ensure that the X-ray beam attenuation properties of the printed materials are preserved when printing the whole phantom by FDM and to characterize the printing artifacts.